Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy

Hubble Space Telescope's exquisite resolution has allowed astronomers to resolve, for the first time, hot blue
stars deep inside an elliptical galaxy. The swarm of nearly 8,000 blue stars resembles a blizzard of snowflakes
near the core (lower right) of the neighboring galaxy M32, located 2.5 million light-years away in the
constellation Andromeda.
Hubble confirms that the ultraviolet light comes from a population of extremely hot helium-burning stars at a late
stage in their lives. Unlike the Sun, which burns hydrogen into helium, these old stars exhausted their central
hydrogen long ago, and now burn helium into heavier elements.
The observations, taken in October 1998, were made with the camera mode of the Space Telescope Imaging
Spectrograph (STIS) in ultraviolet light. The STIS field of view is only a small portion of the entire galaxy, which
is 20 times wider on the sky. For reference, the full moon is 70 times wider than the STIS field-of-view. The
bright center of the galaxy was placed on the right side of the image, allowing fainter stars to be seen on the left
side of the image.
Thirty years ago, the first ultraviolet observations of elliptical galaxies showed that they were surprisingly bright
when viewed in ultraviolet light. Before those pioneering UV observations, old groups of stars were assumed to
be relatively cool and thus extremely faint in the ultraviolet. Over the years since the initial discovery of this
unexpected ultraviolet light, indirect evidence has accumulated that it originates in a population of old, but hot,
helium-burning stars. Now Hubble provides the first direct visual evidence.
Nearby elliptical galaxies are thought to be relatively simple galaxies comprised of old stars. Because they are
among the brightest objects in the Universe, this simplicity makes them useful for tracing the evolution of stars
and galaxies.